What are the high-standard requirements for components in the oil and gas industry?

The high-standard requirements for components in the oil and gas industry are mainly reflected in four aspects: material corrosion resistance, structural reliability, environmental adaptability, and manufacturing precision, to ensure long-term safe operation under extreme conditions such as high pressure, high temperature, and high corrosion.

Material Corrosion Resistance and Crack Resistance Requirements
In harsh environments containing hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and chloride ions (Cl⁻), materials must possess resistance to sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and pitting corrosion:

• Carbon steel and low-alloy steel: Must comply with GB/T 20972.2-2025 standard, which specifies the technical requirements for crack-resistant carbon steel and low-alloy steel, including hardness control, heat treatment processes, and testing verification methods.
• Corrosion-resistant alloys (CRAs): Such as nickel-based alloys and duplex stainless steel, should meet the classification and evaluation system of GB/T 20972.3-2025 or international standard ISO 15156, selecting suitable materials based on parameters such as H₂S partial pressure, temperature, and pH value.
• Surface treatment: Key components such as piston rods often use chrome plating (0.03-0.05mm) or ceramic coating to improve corrosion resistance. High-speed laser cladding of martensitic stainless steel has been adopted as an alternative to electroplating in some cases.

Structural Reliability and Safety Design Requirements

Components must undergo rigorous RAMS assessment (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Safety) to ensure stable operation throughout their entire lifecycle:

RAMS assessment guidelines clearly define system-level analysis for equipment such as subsea production trees, FPSO modules, and subsea valves, covering failure modes, maintenance strategies, and risk control. Safety protection facilities require regular inspection, ensuring no abnormal vibration in transmission components, no alarms in the electrical system, and stable safety monitoring data. A shutdown and maintenance plan should also be developed.

3D printed parts have been incorporated into the new API 20S (metals) and API 20T (polymers) standards, standardizing additive manufacturing processes, testing requirements, and traceability to ensure that new process parts meet the stringent certification requirements of the oil and gas industry.

Extreme Environment Adaptability Requirements

Different application scenarios require specific responses to combined stresses such as temperature, humidity, vibration, and salt spray:

• Temperature Range: Pneumatic components can operate from -40℃ to 150℃. Silicone rubber seals are used to prevent jamming at low temperatures, while fluororubber is used to prevent aging in high-temperature environments.
• Salt Spray Corrosion Protection: Valve bodies are galvanized/electrophoretically treated with nitrile rubber seals, achieving an IP65 waterproof rating; stainless steel (304/316) is suitable for chemical and electroplating workshops, with a lifespan exceeding 5000 hours.
• Vibration and Shock Resistance: The machine tool pneumatic system can withstand vibrations of 10–55 Hz (amplitude ≤ 1 mm), and malfunctions are prevented through anti-loosening structures and buffer designs.
• Climate Environment Testing: Includes high and low temperature cycling, damp heat, and low pressure tests to verify the stability of automotive electronics and communication equipment under extreme conditions.