Working Principles of Oil and Gas Industry Components

The working principles of oil and gas industry components vary depending on the component type. The core principle is to achieve fluid control, energy conversion, and separation through mechanical, physical, or chemical methods to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the oil and gas system.

I. Oil-Gas Separator: Multi-stage Physical Separation Ensures Purity
Oil-gas separators utilize principles such as gravity settling, centrifugal force, and collision agglomeration to separate oil and gas:

Inlet Diversion: The oil-gas mixture impacts the oil baffle cap and diffuses, achieving initial separation.

Gravity Settling Zone: Oil droplets with a diameter >3μm slide down to the collection zone due to gravity.

Mist Filter: Fiber filter media agglomerates micron-sized oil droplets through diffusion, interception, and inertial collision, ultimately returning them to the bottom.

Pressure Regulation: Pressure valves maintain system stability, and outlet valves control liquid level balance.

II. Oil Pump Barrel: Volume Changes Achieve Crude Oil Lifting
The pump barrel, as the main body of the oil pump, completes oil suction and discharge by changing its internal volume through the reciprocating motion of the plunger:

During the upstroke, the traveling valve closes, the fixed valve opens, and well fluid enters the pump chamber.

During the downstroke, the fixed valve closes, the traveling valve opens, and well fluid is discharged to the surface.

The structure is divided into combined tubing type (shallow wells) and solid tubing type (medium-deep wells), and the material is chrome-plated or nickel-phosphorus composite treated to enhance wear resistance.

III. Oil Pump: Positive Displacement Pressurized Fluid Delivery
Industrial oil pumps achieve oil suction and pressure circulation through gear meshing or plunger movement:

The suction stage creates negative pressure for self-priming, and the pressure stage pressurizes the medium to 250–750 kPa.

Key components such as the LQRY hot oil pump use double ball bearings and a heat transfer oil lubrication system, allowing continuous operation at 350℃.

Performance indicators include flow rate, head, NPSH (cavitation resistance), etc., and the selection must match the characteristics of the medium.